I am once again writing this report from a first-class sleeping cabin on Amtrak’s legendary California Zephyr.

By day, I have a comfortable seat next to a panoramic window. At night, they fold into two bunk beds, a single and a double. There is a shower, but only Houdini can navigate it.

I am anything but Houdini, so I foray downstairs to use the larger public hot showers. They are divine.

 

 

We are now pulling away from Chicago’s Union Station, leaving its hurried commuters, buskers, panhandlers, and majestic great halls behind. I love this building as a monument to American exceptionalism.

I am headed for Emeryville, California, just across the bay from San Francisco, some 2,121.6 miles away. That gives me only 56 hours to complete this report.

I tip my porter, Raymond, $100 in advance to make sure everything goes well during the long adventure and to keep me up to date with the onboard gossip.

The rolling and pitching of the car is causing my fingers to dance all over the keyboard. Microsoft’s Spellchecker can catch most of the mistakes, but not all of them.

 

Chicago’s Union Station

 

As both broadband and cell phone coverage are unavailable along most of the route, I have to rely on frenzied Internet searches during stops at major stations along the way, like Omaha, Salt Lake City, and Reno, to Google obscure data points and download the latest charts.

You know those cool maps in the Verizon stores that show the vast coverage of their cell phone networks? They are complete BS.

Who knew that 95% of America is off the grid? That explains so much about our country today.

I have posted many of my favorite photos from the trip below, although there is only so much you can do from a moving train and an iPhone 16 Pro.

 

 

 

Somewhere in Iowa

 

The Thumbnail Portfolio

Equities – buy dips, but sell rallies too
Bonds – avoid
Foreign Currencies – avoid
Commodities – avoid
Precious Metals – avoid
Energy – avoid
Real Estate – avoid

 

 

1) The Economy – Cooling

I expect a modest 2.0% real GDP growth with a 4.0% inflation rate, giving an unadjusted shrinkage of the economy of negative -2% for 2025. That is down from 0% in in 2024. This may sound discouraging, but believe me, this is the optimistic view. Some of my hedge fund buddies are expecting a zero return over the next four years.

Virtually all independent economists expect the new administration's economic policies will be a drag on both the US and global economies. Trade wars are bad for everyone. When your customers are impoverished, your own business turns south. This is a big deal, since the Magnificent Seven, which accounted for 70% of stock market gains last year, get 60% of their profits from abroad.

The ballooning National Debt is another concern. The last time Trump was in office, he added $10 trillion to the deficit through aggressive tax cuts and spending increases. If this time, he adds another $10-$15 trillion, the National Debt could reach $50 trillion by 2030.

There are two issues here. For a start, Trump will find it a lot harder and more expensive to fund a National Debt at $50 trillion than $20 trillion. Second, borrowing of this unprecedented magnitude, double US GDP, will send interest rates soaring, causing a recession.

The only question then is whether this will be a pandemic-style recession, which took stocks down 30% and recovered quickly, or a 2008 recession which demolished stocks by 52% and dragged on for years.

Hope for the best but expect the worst, unless you want to consider a future career as an Uber driver.

 

 

A Rocky Mountain Moose Family

 

2) Equities – (SPY), (QQQ), (IWM), (GS), (MS), (JPM), (BAC), (C), (BLK)

The outlook for stocks for 2025 is pretty simple. You are going to have to work twice as hard to make half the money you did last year with twice the volatility. You will not be able to be as nowhere near aggressive in 2025 as you were in 2024  It’s a dream scenario for somebody like me. For you, I’m not so sure.

It’s not that US companies aren't growing gangbusters. I expect 2% GDP growth, 15% profit growth, and 12% net margin growth in 2025. But let’s face reality. Stocks are the most expensive they have been in 17 years and we know what happened after 2008. Much of the stock market gain achieved last year was through hefty multiple expansions. This is not good.

Big tech companies might be able to deliver 20% gains and are still the lead sector for the market. Normally that should deliver you a 15%, or $800 gain in the S&P 500 (SPX). We might be able to capture this in the first half of 2025.

Financials will remain the sector with the best risk/reward, and I mean the broader definition of the term, including banks, brokers, money managers, and some small-cap regional banks. The reason is very simple. Their income statements will get juiced at both ends as revenues soar and costs plunge, thanks to deregulation.

No passage of new laws is required to achieve this, just a failure to enforce existing ones. The hint for this is a new SEC chair whose primary interest is promoting the Bitcoin bubble. Buy (GS), (MS), (JPM), (BAC), (C), and (BLK).

However, this is anything but a normal year. Uncertainty is at an eight-year high, thanks to an incoming administration. If the promised policies are delivered, inflation will soar and interest rates will rise, as they already have. We could lose half or all of our stock market gains by the end of 2025.

The big “tell” for this was the awful market performance in December, down 5%. The Dow Average was down ten days in a row for the first time in 70 years. Santa Claus was unceremoniously sent packing. People Are clearly nervous. But then they should be with a bull market that is approaching a decrepit five years in age.

There is a bullish scenario out there and that has Trump doing absolutely nothing in 2025, either because he is unwilling or unable to take action. After all, if the economy isn’t actually broken, why fix it? Better yet, if you own an economy it is better not to break it in the first place.

Nothing substantial can pass Congress with a minuscule one-seat majority in the House of Representatives. There will be no new presidential action through tariffs and only a few token, highly televised deportations, not enough to affect the labor market.

Stocks will not only hold, but they may add to the 15% first-half gains for the year. I give this scenario maybe a 50% probability.

The first indication this is happening is when the presidential characterization of the economy flips in a few months from the world’s worst to the world’s best with no actual change in the numbers. Trump will take all the credit.

You heard it here first.

 

 

Frozen Headwaters of the Colorado River

 

3) Bonds (TLT), (TBT), (JNK), (PHB), (HYG), (MUB), (LQD)

Amtrak needs to fill every seat in the dining car to get everyone fed on time, so you never know who you will share a table with for breakfast, lunch, or dinner.

There was the Vietnam Vet Phantom Jet Pilot who now refused to fly because he was treated so badly at airports. A young couple desperately eloping from Omaha could only afford seats as far as Salt Lake City. After they sat up all night, I paid for their breakfast.

A retired British couple was circumnavigating the entire US in a month on a “See America Pass.” Mennonites returned home by train because their religion forbade travel by automobiles or airplanes.

The big question to ask here after a 100-basis point rise in bond yields in only three months is whether the (TLT) has suffered enough. The short answer is no, not quite yet, but we’re getting close. Fear of Trump policies should eventually take ten-year US Treasury bond yields to 5.00%, and then we will be ready for a pause at a nine-month bottom. After that, it depends on how history unfolds.

If Trump gets everything he wants, inflation will soar, bonds will crash, and 5.00% will be just a pit stop on the way to 6.00%, 7.00%, and who knows what? On the other hand, if Trump gets nothing he says he wants, then both bonds stocks and bonds will rise, creating a Goldilocks scenario for all balanced portfolios and investors.

That also sets up a sweet spot for entry into (TLT) call spreads close to 5.00% yields. A politician campaigning on one policy, then doing the opposite once elected? Stranger things have happened. The black swans will live.

 

 

A Visit to the 19^th Century

 

4) Foreign Currencies (FXE), (EUO), (FXC), (FXA), (YCS), (FXY), (CYB)

If your basic assumption for interest rates is that they stay flat or rise, then you have to love the US dollar. Currencies are all about expected interest rate differentials and money always pours into the highest-paying ones. Tariffs will add fat to the fire because any reduction in international trade automatically reduces American trade deficits and is therefore pro-dollar.

This means that you should avoid all foreign currency plays like the plague, including the Euro (FXE), Japanese yen (FXY), British Pound (FXB), Canadian dollar (FXE), and Australian dollar (FXA).

A strong greenback comes with pluses and minuses. It makes our exports expensive and less competitive and therefore creates another drag on the economy. It demolishes traditional weak dollar plays like emerging markets and precious metals. On the other hand, it attracts substantial foreign investments into US stocks and bonds, which has been continuing for the past decade.

Above all, be happy you are paid in US dollars. My foreign clients are getting crushed in an increasingly expensive world.

 

 

 

5) Commodities (FCX), (BHP), (RIO), (VALE), (DBA)

Look at the chart of any commodity stock and you see grim death. Freeport McMoRan (FCX), BHP (BHP), and Rio Tinto (RIO), they’re all the same. They’re all afflicted with the same disease, over-dependence on a robustly growing China, which isn’t growing robustly, if at all.

I firmly believe that this will continue until the current leadership by President Xi Zheng Ping ends. He has spent the last decade globally expanding Chinese interests, engaging in abusive trade practices, hacking, and attacking American allies like Taiwan and the Philippines.  You can only wave a red flag in front of the US before it comes back to bite you. A trade war with the US is now imminent.

This will happen sooner than later. The Chinese people don’t like being poor for very long. This is why I didn’t get sucked in on the Chinese long side in the fall, as many hedge funds did.

If China wants to go back to playing nice, as they did in the eighties and nineties, China should return to return to high growth and commodities will look like great “Buys” down here. If they don’t, American growth alone should eventually pull commodities up, as our economy is now growing at a long-term average gross unadjusted 6.00% rate. So the question is how long this takes.

It may pay to start nibbling on the best quality bombed-out names now, like those above.

 

 

Snow Angel on the Continental Divide

 

6) Energy (DIG), (USO), (DUG), (UNG), (USO), (XLE), (LNG), (CCJ), (VST), (SMR)

Energy was one of the worst-performing sectors in the market for the second year in a row and 2025 is looking no better. New supplies are surging, while demand remains stuck in the mud, with the US now producing an incredible 13.5 million barrels a day. OPEC is dead.

EVs now make up 10% of the US auto fleet, and much more in other countries, are making a big dent. Some 50% of all new car sales in China, the world’s largest market, are EVs. The number of barrels of oil needed to increase a unit of American GDP is plunging, as it has done for 25 years, through increased efficiencies. Remember your old Lincoln Continental that used to get eight miles per gallon? Now it gets 27.

Worse yet, a major black swan hovers over the sector. If the Ukraine War somehow ends, some ten million barrels a day of Russian oil will hit the market. Oil prices should plunge to $50 a barrel.

There are always exceptions to the rule, and energy plays not dependent on the price of oil would be a good one. So is natural gas, which will benefit from Cheniere Energy’s (LNG) third export terminal coming online, increasing exports to China. Ukraine cutting off Russian gas flowing to Europe will assure there is plenty of new demand.

But I prefer investing in sectors that have tailwinds and not headwinds. Better leave energy to the pros who have the inside information they need to make money here.

If someone is holding a gun to your head tell you that you MUST invest in energy, go for the new nuclear plays like (CCJ), (VST), and (SMR). We are only at the becoming of the small modular reactor trend, which could accelerate for decades.

 

 

 

7) Precious Metals (GLD), (DGP), (SLV), (PPTL), (PALL)

The train has added extra engines at Denver, so now we may begin the long laboring climb up the Eastern slope of the Rocky Mountains.

On a steep curve, we pass along an antiquated freight train of hopper cars filled with large boulders.

The porter tells me this train is welded to the tracks to create a windbreak. Once, a gust howled out of the pass so swiftly, that it blew a passenger train over on its side.

In the snow-filled canyons, we saw a family of three moose, a huge herd of elk, and another group of wild mustangs. The engineer informs us that a rare bald eagle is flying along the left side of the train. It’s a good omen for the coming year.

We also see countless abandoned 19^th-century gold mines and the broken-down wooden trestles leading to huge piles of tailings, relics of previous precious metals booms. So, it is timely here to speak about the future of precious metals.

We certainly got a terrific run on precious metals in 2025, with gold at its highs up 33% and silver up 65%. The miners did even better. Even after the post-election selloff, it was still one of the best-performing asset classes of the year.

But the heat has definitely gone out of this trade. The prospect of higher interest rates for longer in 2025 has sent short-term traders elsewhere. That’s because the opportunity cost of owning precious metals is rising since they pay no interest rates or dividends. And let’s face it, there was definitely new competition for hot money from crypto, which doubled after the election.

The sector is not dead, it is resting. Central bank buying of the barbarous relic continues unabated, especially among sanctioned countries, like Russia and China. Gold is still the principal savings vehicle for many Chinese. They are not going to recover confidence in their own currency, banks, or government anytime soon. And there is still slow but steadily rising industrial demand from solar sectors.

Gold supply has also been falling for years, while costs are rising at least at double the headline inflation rate. So it’s just a matter of time before the supply/demand balance comes back in our favor. Where the final bottom is anyone’s guess as gold lacks the traditional valuation parameters of other asset classes, like dividends or interest paid. We’ll just have to wait for Mr. Market to tell us, who is always right.

Give (GLD), (SLV), (GDX), (GOLD), and (WPM) a rest for now but I’ll be back.

 

 

Crossing the Great Nevada Desert Near Area 51

 

8) Real Estate (ITB), (LEN), (KBH), (PHM), (DHI)

The majestic snow-covered Rocky Mountains are behind me. There is now a paucity of scenery, with the endless ocean of sagebrush and salt flats of Northern Nevada outside my window, so there is nothing else to do but write. 

My apologies in advance to readers in Wells, Elko, Battle Mountain, and Winnemucca, Nevada.

It is a route long traversed by roving bands of Indians, itinerant fur traders, the Pony Express, my own immigrant forebearers in wagon trains, the Transcontinental Railroad, the Lincoln Highway, and finally US Interstate 80, which was built for the 1960 Winter Olympics at Squaw Valley, California.

Passing by shantytowns and the forlorn communities of the high desert, I am prompted to comment on the state of the US real estate market.

Real estate was a nice earner for us in 2024 in the new homes sector. The election promptly demolished this trade with the prospect of higher interest rates for longer. Expect this unwelcome drag to continue in 2025.

I am not expecting a housing crash unless interest rates take off. More likely it will continue to grind sideways on low volume. That’s because the market has support from a structural shortage of 10 million homes in the US, the debris left over from the 2008 housing crash. That’s why there is still a Millennial living in your basement. Homebuilders now prioritize profit margins over market share.

I expect this sector to come back someday. New homebuilders have the advantage of offering free upgrades and discounted in-house financing. Avoid for now (DHI), (KBH), (TOL), and (PHM).

 

 

Crossing the Bridge to Home Sweet Home

9) Postscript

We have pulled into the station at Truckee amid a howling blizzard.

My loyal staff have made the ten-mile trek from my estate at Incline Village to welcome me to California with a couple of hot breakfast burritos and a chilled bottle of Dom Perignon Champagne, which has been cooling in a nearby snowbank. I am thankfully spared from taking my last meal with Amtrak.

 

After that, it was over legendary Donner Pass, and then all downhill from the Sierras, across the Central Valley, and into the Sacramento River Delta.

Well, that’s all for now. We’ve just passed what was left of the Pacific mothball fleet moored near the Benicia Bridge (2,000 ships down to six in 80 years). The pressure increase caused by a 7,200-foot descent from Donner Pass has crushed my plastic water bottle. Nice science experiment!

The Golden Gate Bridge and the soaring spire of Salesforce Tower are just coming into view across San Francisco Bay.

A storm has blown through, leaving the air crystal clear and the bay as flat as glass. It is time for me to unplug my MacBook Pro, iPad, and iPhone, pick up my various adapters, and pack up.

We arrive in Emeryville 45 minutes early. With any luck, I can squeeze in a ten-mile night hike up Grizzly Peak tonight and still get home in time to watch the ball drop in New York’s Times Square on TV.

I reach the ridge just in time to catch a spectacular pastel sunset over the Pacific Ocean. The omens are there. It is going to be another good year.

I’ll shoot you a Trade Alert whenever I see a window open at a sweet spot on any of the dozens of trades described above, which should be soon.

Good luck and good trading in 2025!

John Thomas
The Mad Hedge Fund Trader

 

The Omens Are Good for 2025!